Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Quiz || Molecular Biology Quiz

1.Which of the following statements accurately describes a key difference in gene regulation between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are coupled processes.
Eukaryotic structural genes are typically organized into operons.
Prokaryotic gene expression involves extensive post-translational modifications.
Eukaryotic DNA must be unwound from histone proteins before transcription.

2.What is the primary role of histone acetylation in eukaryotic gene regulation?
It compacts chromatin, repressing gene expression.
It adds methyl groups to DNA, silencing transcription.
It serves as an inducer, binding to the repressor protein and causing it to release from the operator.
It neutralizes positive charges on histones, leading to relaxed chromatin and increased gene accessibility.

3. A specific transcription factor is observed to recruit histone deacetylases (HDACs) to a gene promoter. What is the most likely outcome for the expression of that gene?
Increased transcription due to chromatin relaxation.
Decreased transcription due to chromatin compaction.
Increased mRNA stability and translation
Activation of alternative splicing pathways.

4. Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes?
Binding of a general transcription factor to a promoter.
DNA methylation at a CpG island.
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA.
Facilitating the assembly of the pre-initiation complex at gene promoters.

5.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) primarily regulate gene expression by:
Directly binding to DNA enhancers to activate transcription.
Modifying histone proteins to alter chromatin structure.
Binding to target mRNA molecules to inhibit translation or promote degradation.
It is the binding site for RNA polymerase

6. What is the significance of differential gene expression in multicellular organisms?
It ensures all cells in the organism express the same set of genes.
It allows for the rapid degradation of unused proteins.
It leads to the specialization of cells and the formation of diverse cell types from a common genome.
It primarily regulates gene expression at the translational level.

7. Which of the following best describes the relationship between euchromatin and heterochromatin?
Both are transcriptionally active forms of chromatin..
Euchromatin is highly condensed and inactive, while heterochromatin is relaxed and active.
They are both forms of DNA methylation.
Euchromatin is less condensed and transcriptionally active, whereas heterochromatin is more condensed and transcriptionally inactive.

8.The process of ubiquitination is an example of:
Transcriptional control, marking DNA for silencing.
Post-transcriptional control, affecting mRNA stability.
Translational control, inhibiting ribosome binding.
Post-translational control, often marking proteins for degradation.

9.A mutation prevents DNA binding proteins from being produced. What would be the most likely outcome on gene expression?
Increased translation because mRNA molecules would be more stable.
Decreased transcription because transcription factors would not bind to transcription binding sites.
No significant effect, as RNA polymerase binds directly to DNA.
Increased transcription because repressors would not be able to bind to promoter regions.

10. The spatial separation of transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes primarily enables:
Faster rates of protein synthesis compared to prokaryotes.
Extensive post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
Direct coupling of transcription and translation.
Simpler gene regulation due to compartmentalization.

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